THE STATE IN THE BREEDING BASE OF DAIRY CATTLE FARMING IN THE STAVROPOL TERRITORY

Abstract

The article is devoted to monitoring the state of the dairy cattle breeding base on the Stavropol Territory, analyzing the number of horned cattle in the dairy direction of productivity and the level of productivity in the context of all categories of farms and organizations for livestock rearing. In 42 agricultural organizations of the Stavropol Territory, engaged in the horned cattle breeding for dairy productivity, at the beginning of this year, there were 47,1 thousand heads of cattle, including 18,6 thousand cows, which is lower by 2,3 thousand heads to the level of 2017, or 4,7%, the number of cows was 1,3 thousand heads less, or by 6,3%. The breeding base of the Stavropol Territory is presented by 3 breeding plants and 9 pedigree reproducers which contain 21,4 thousand heads of horned cattle, of which 9,4 thousand cows. In 2018, due to an increase in the breeding base, there was an increase in the number of horned cattle breeds in the dairy productivity direction by 1,5 thousand heads, or 7,3%. At the same time, the annual trend towards a decrease in the number of cows remained. Over the past three years, the number of cows of dairy productivity breeds in breeding organizations of the region decreased by 820 heads and only in 2018 the decrease was 2,8%. In the breeding organizations of the region they breed 5 breeds of horned cattle in dairy productivity direction, among which the greatest relative density is occupied by Holstein and black-and-white breeds, which account for 85,3%. Red steppe breed is in the third place and amounts to 6,7%. The share of Ayrshire and Yaroslavl horned cattle breeds accounts for 2,8 and 5,1%, respectively. The productivity of breeding cows for a complete lactation exceeded last year's figure by 298 kg. The highest milk yield has horned cattle of the Holstein breed of black-and-white color – 8394 kg. The  milk yield in the Holstein breed of a red- and-white color in 2018 amounted to 8141 kg. In the third place is black-and-white breed with a milk yield of 7725 kg. The milk yield for Ayrshire, Yаroslavl and red steppe breeds amounted to 7438, 7424, 5547 kg, respectively. By fat milkiness butterfat and protein milkiness lead red steppe and Ayrshire breeds.