Meat productivity of young cattle obtained from crossbreeding of dairy and dualpurpose cows with bulls of beef breeds (review)

Abstract

The aim of the article is to substantiate the role of commercial cross breeding of cattle as an important reserve for obtaining high-quality beef. The results of the research on the commercial cross breeding of dairy and dairy-beef cattle with bulls of beef breeds in different regions of Russia and various foreign authors are presented. Also, the best options for crossing beef and dairy breeds and various beef breeds are noted. The main advantage of the method of commercial cross breeding is early maturity as a factor of profitability of beef cattle breeding. Another aspect of commercial cross breeding is the possibility of using part of the low-productive, culled breeding stock of dairy and dual-purpose cattle for
crossing with specialized beef breeds in order to obtain high-quality beef. The phenomenon of heterosis gives the superiority of offspring over parental forms by valuable economic characteristics (increased constitutional strength and more intensive development). The greatest effect is achieved in the conditions of intensive cultivation and fattening of crossbred young cattle. Only under these conditions it is possible to achieve a reduction in production price. In Russia, cattle cross breeding is mainly carried out with using of breeding stock. Mainly, they are Black Pied, Holstein, Simmental, red steppe and Bestuzhevskaya. As for bulls, they are Hereford, Simmental beef, Kazakh Whiteheaded, Aberdeen Angus, Sharolez, Kalmyk, etc. At
the same time, crossbreeds are characterized by increased growth power, better pay-off for forage by products, high slaughter weight, heavier carcasses, less amount of bones, better meat quality, high bioavailability.