BEEF CATTLE BREEDING IN RUSSIA AND ITS DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Abstract

The article deals with the issues and prospects of the development of the meat subcomplex, which are considered among the most important components of the agro-industrial
complex of Russia. The total number of breeding cattle of meat production grew in 2020
compared to 2010 by 55.8 thousand head (21%), including brood cows by 38.5 thousand head
(30.3%). The relative increase in the number of the Aberdeen Angus breed was 3.8 times
compared to 2010 and 33.9% for the Hereford breed. Compared with 2010, there is a significant reduction in pedigree animals of the Simmental meat 62.9%, including the Bredinsky
meat type of Simmental cattle 62.4%, as well as the Limousin 58.9%, and the Russian Komo la breeds 52.1%. The cattle production for slaughter in carcass weight increased by 8.5 thousand tons or 0.5% in farms of all categories in 2020 compared to the previous year. Over the
past 10 years, beef production has increased by 7.1% in large agricultural organizations. As
for farm enterprises, it increased by 124.1%, which is due to state support measures and the
use of specialized livestock breeds. However, beef production in individual farms decreased
by 20.5% in 2020 compared to 2010, this is due to the people`s unwillingness to keep livestock, as well as the availability of high quality beef in stores. Further development of dairy
cattle breeding will happen with the stabilization of the number of cows at the level of 9.2-
10.0 million head and an increase in milk production by increasing milk yields. This means
that the fattening group from dairy herds will not increase in the future, and the resources to
intensify its use cannot provide a significant increase in beef production in next 5-10 years