GENETIC SOURCES OF HIGH FROST TOLERANCE AND WINTER HARDINESS OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT

Abstract

High frost tolerance and winter hardiness of soft winter wheat is the most important biological attribute for the crop yield stability in the south and south-east of Russia.
The research of genetic sources of high frost tolerance and winter hardiness was carried
out according to the competitive variety trial in the FSBSI North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Center, Mikhailovsk, Stavropol Territory.
The level of frost tolerance of genotypes was determined in environmental chambers
according to the Kharkov method, which was improved by the author of this article, V.I. Kovtun. Over a long period of time, the authors of the article created and isolated 930 genetic
sources of high frost tolerance and winter hardiness. Many of them were transferred to the
world collection of All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Industry over the years. In the past
three years, 37 new genetic sources of high frost tolerance and winter hardiness have been
synthesized. Ten of them are presented in this article. The article presents the methods of
study, the determined parentage and the variety of new genetic sources: Morets, Antipovka,
Ivan, Charodey, 1678/15, 1731/15, 1848/15, 1215/16, 1676/16, 1066/17. It is noted that at the
early stages of crossing in the parentage of new genetic sources, the leaders of high frost tolerance varieties were used: Donskaya bearded, Severodonskaya, Donskaya unbearded, Tarasovskaya 29, Don 93, Dar Zernograda, Kinelskaya 4, Albidum 12 and others. It was found
that the conditions of autumn plant hardening have a significant impact on the manifestation
rate of frost tolerance in genotypes. On average, during the years of study (2018-2020), new
genetic sources significantly exceeded the standard variety Don 95 in terms of frost tolerance.
Many of them, according to the test characteristic, exceeded the best high frost tolerant and
winter-hardy wheat variety Don 93. New genetic sources of high winter hardiness and frost
tolerance are recommended: Morets, Antipovka, Ivan, Charodey, 1678/15, 1731/15, 1848/15,
1215/16, 1676/16, 1066/17 should be used in selective breeding programs when developing
new winter-hardy and frost-hardy varieties of soft winter wheat.