PROTEIN COMPOSITION AND ACTIVITY OF TRANSAMINATION ENZYMES OF YOUNG CATTLE OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES

Abstract

The article deals with the results of studying the hematological parameters of purebred
bull calves of group I and young bullocks of group III of the Black Pied breed, its Holstein
crossbreeds of the first generation: ½ Holstein x ½ Black Pied (group II, bull calves), ½
Holstein x ½ Black Pied (group IV, young bullocks). The experimental part of the work was
carried out in LLC “Kolos” in the Orenburg Region in 2020-2021. We found out the influence
of the season, genotype, and sex of young animals on the total protein content, its fractions,
and the activity of transamination enzymes. At the same time, in comparison to winter period,
in summer season, the total protein content in the blood serum of young animals of the
experimental groups increased by 1.94-2.74 g/l (2.56 - 3.66%), albumins by 1.40-2.85 g/l
(4.27-8.41%), globulins – 0.08-0.86 g/l (0.20-2.16%). In this respect, the activity of AST
increased by 10.11-14.29%, ALT by 10.71-14.00 %. Degonalization of bull calves led to a
decrease in the concentration of both total protein and its fractions in the blood serum. It is
sufficient to note that in winter purebred bull calves of the Black Pied breed of the group I
were superior to young bullocks of the same genotype in terms of total protein content in
blood serum by 2.92 g/l (7.02%,P<0.01), albumins – by 2.10 g/l (6.41%, P<0.05), globulins –
by 1.04 g/l (P<0.05). The advantage of crossbred bull calves of ½Holstein x ½ Black Pied of
group II over crossbred young bullocks of group IV in terms of the analyzed parameters was
7.08 g/l (5.44%, P<0.01), 2.91 g/l (8.59%, P<0.01) and 1.17 g/l (2.85%), respectively. At the
same time, due to the crossbreeding effect, crossbred young animals were superior in
comparison to their purebred herdmates in both seasons of the year both in terms of the
protein composition of blood serum and transaminase activity.