DEVELOPMENT QUOTIENTS OF INTERNAL ORGANS IN PUREBRED AND HYBRID TURKEYS

Abstract

The most important way to obtain highly productive hybrids is to cross turkey lines that are specialized in weight and fertility. The main property of an organism's life is its metabolism with the surrounding environment. In a living organism, this process is carried out by internal organs, the development degree of which determines the level of metabolic processes and productivity of the poultry. Therefore, a comparative study of the development of the internal organs of turkeys of various breeds, lines and crosses is very relevant.

The purpose of the research was to establish the development features of the internal organs of turkeys of different breeds, lines and pedigree linear hybrids. The work was carried out in the Genetic Selection Centre “North Caucasian Zonal Experimental Station of Poultry Farming”, a branch of the Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” in 2023-2024.

Anatomical features of the development of internal organs were studied by weighing them at the slaughter of females at the age of 20 weeks, and males at the age of 22 weeks. The heart was released from the heart sac and blood, and the liver was released from the phrenohepatic ligaments and gallbladder. The kidneys and spleen were released from fat. The lungs were weighed without the trachea. Pedigree linear hybrids of groups IV and V significantly outperformed purebred female herdmates of groups II and III (P> 0,95– 0,999). It should be noted that the highest mass of internal organs was found in female turkeys with pedigree (½North Caucasian Bronze + ½ White Broad-chested, line VI). Males of the White Broad-chested (line VI) breed of group I and pedigree linear hybrids of groups IV and V also had higher parameters of the absolute weight of internal organs. With pedigree linear hybridization of turkeys of North Caucasian Silver and North Caucasian Bronze breeds with males of the White Broad-chested breed (line VI), the effect of heterosis is manifested, which promotes the activation of metabolic processes in the body of hybrid turkeys, which leads to significant stress on the internal organs and their higher functional activity. It causes high growth capacity of pedigree linear hybrids.