BIOLOGIZED PROTECTION OF SPIKED CEREALS IN THE SYSTEM OF DIRECT SOWING

Abstract

Cultivation of spiked cereals in the direct sowing system, where the soil has
not been cultivated for many years, leads to a change in the species composition of pathogens
in phytocenoses and, as a consequence, an increase in the frequency of application of chemical plant protection agents and the emergence of new pathogens, which are resistant to these
agents. Among the destructive diseases, fusarial and sometimes bacterial root rot, as well as
fusarial wilt, cause significant damage. These diseases are widespread countrywide, and their
harmfulness depends on the place of the crop in the crop rotation, the infection of seeds and
plant residues with pathogens, as well as used plant protection products. The purpose of the
research was to develop and scientifically establish a system of biologized protection of
spiked cereal crops, which included seed treatment with Crocus biovit, crops –with Crocus
retardant and Agrobiovit. It was found that when the seeds were treated with Crocus biovit,
the length of the root of winter wheat reached 14.0 cm, the height of the sprout was 9,1 cm,
which was accurately 2,8 and 1,8 cm more than when they were treated with the chemical
fungicide Maksim. The combination of seed sterilization and treatment of crops with this
preparation in autumn and spring provided an increase in the tilling capacity of plants by 1,5-
2 times, the formation of a larger photosynthetic surface of crops and, as a result, the yield of
winter wheat grain was 7,9 t / ha, which was accurately 0,7 t/ha, or 8,9% more than in the
control.