INTRODUCTION TO THE CULTURE IN VITRO OF APPLE TREE MERISTEM EXPLANTS OF DIFFERENT GENETIC ORIGIN

Abstract

The research was conducted to optimize the primary media for rootstocks and grafts of apple tree varieties. As a result, it was found that the best time to introduce in vitro apple tree meristems into the culture is February-March. The scheme of the parent material sterilization of annual shoots with resting buds has been worked out. It was found that the development of meristemic tissue occurs most actively in the nutrient media of M 1-3 and M 1-4, and the in-troduction of activated carbon into the nutrient medium as an antioxidant contributes to the inhibition of phenolic compounds and does not require a new passaging on media. The analy-sis of the obtained data showed a high dependence of the meristem development on the geno-typic features of the variety. Almost all varieties had induced conglomerates. The highest per-centage of meristems that took root was observed in the varieties: Zolotoy potok (on all vari-ants of the nutrient medium, almost one hundred percent regeneration of meristem explants), Margot (60.0-100%), Novella (42,9-83,3%), Florina, Lyubimoe Dutovoy, Liberty M, Mi-khsan, and the lowest rate of meristem development was observed in the varieties: St-04-26, Сarmen, Shchedrost̀, Orfeus. The effect of the growing season duration on the induction of meristem explants has not been established.