PRODUCTIVITY OF A GRAIN HOED CROP ROTATION UNDER DIFFERENT METHODS OF TILLAGE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH-EAST OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM ZONE

Abstract

In the soil and climatic conditions of the South-East in the CCR, the highest yield of peas was obtained when plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm (2,15 tons/hectare), against the background with the use of N₆₀R₆₀K₆₀ fertilizers when plowing to a depth of 20-22 and 25-27 cm, we harvested 2,37 tons/hectare. The most effective tillage for winter wheat after peas is surface tillage to a depth of 6-8 cm.

The maximum yield of corn grain was obtained when plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm (5,90 tons/hectare), regardless of the fertilization background we obtained 6,16 tons/hectare. The use of subsoil, surface and zero tillage for corn leads to a decrease in crop yield compared to the control (5,78 tons/hectare) by 0,70-1,13 tons/hectare, or 12,1-19,5%, with zero tillage by 3,84 tons/hectare, or 66,4%. The greatest increase in corn grain from the application of N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀ (0,58 and 0,57 tons/hectare) was obtained by plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm in the combined and multi-depth moldboard systems of tillage in the crop rotation.

The highest yield of barley was obtained when plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm. The use of subsoil surface and zero tillage for barley leads to a decrease in barley yield compared to the control by 0,14-0,24 tons/hectare, or 5,8-18,5%, with zero treatment the reduction is 1,20 tons/hectare, or 49,4%.

To the greatest extent, the yield of barley depends on the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil. The correlation coefficient during the tillering on a layer of 0-40 cm is r=0,94, during the earing it is r=0,68, during the ripening it is r=0,69. At the same time, the most significant dependences are noted for the nitrogen supply of the 10-20 cm layer: r=0,81 during the tillering, r=0,67 during the earing and r=0,77 during the ripening period.

Not equivalent ratio of the energy saved by minimizing tillage (1,7 and 4,3 GJ/ hectare) and less than accumulated energy in the crop (10,6-17,1 GJ/ hectare) and to 58,1 GJ/ hectare for zero tillage does not lead to higher energy efficiency ratio when growing crops using minimized tillage. According to zero tillage, the cost of technogenic energy per hectare of sowing is reduced by 37,1% with a decrease in energy yield with the corn harvest by 66,4%, against the background of fertilizers application by 29,3 and 64,7%, respectively, compared with the control, plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm.