INTENSIFICATION OF DIRECT SOWING IN THE VOLGA REGION

Abstract

The results of research in grain-fallow tillage crop rotation (2011-2017) to study the impact of direct sowing technologies on the water-chemical properties of the soil, yield and efficiency of spring durum wheat cultivation on ordinary chernozems in the Middle Volga region are presented. The precursor of the culture is soya bean. We studied five technologies (variants) with different levels of intensification in comparison with traditional technology (control). Long-term use of direct seeding did not worsen the water-chemical properties of the soil compared to traditional technology. Application of Bionex Kemi and ammonium nitrate against the background of direct seeding, providing a more rational consumption of moisture and nutrients, contributed to increased yields by 0,14-0,30 tons/hectare (9,6-20,5%). The greatest increase in yield from the means of intensification was obtained on the variant with direct sowing and combined application of fertilizers and insecticides, i.e. 0,55 tons/hectare (37,7%). Additional costs for the application of intensification means paid off with the increase in yield. At the same time, maximum nominal net income was obtained on the variants with application of insecticides (4, 6 variations) – 8682,1-9593,6 rubles/hectare, which is 2841,8-4053,3 rubles/hectare (48,7-64,3%) more than the control and by 721,4-3466,6 rubles/hectare (9,1-61,5%) of the indices in other variants. On the basis of the conducted study to improve the efficiency and quality of grain at the level of the required indices, the technology of direct sowing with the complex use of plant protection from pests and weeds, pre-sowing application of N₃₀ nitrogen fertilizers or Bionex Kemi drug during tillering is proposed.