TECHNOLOGY WITHOUT TILLAGE IN THE RESEARCH OF THE KURGAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE

Abstract

The presented material is primarily of a methodological plan for the study of agricultural systems without tillage in the conditions of the Trans-Urals. Research work is being caried out on the basis of the Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture – branch of the FSBSI the Ural Branch of the RAS. In grain-fallow, grain crop rotation and permanent cultivation of wheat, the technologies for the production of spring wheat, peas, and early-maturing corn are studied and improved on the basis of three tillage systems: traditional (deep moldboard), minimum (surface) and zero (without tillage). In the system without tillage, the sowing of spring wheat and other crops is carried out with SKP-2,1 seeder equipped with thin anchor coulters that minimally break the stubble cover. Seeding rates are reduced by 10-15% compared to traditional seeding technology. For the destruction of wintering and early annual weeds, pre-sowing treatment of soil with glyphosate-containing herbicides is carried out, during the growing season, chemical weeding of crops with multipurpose mixtures of herbicides, including anti-cereal is carried out. At the end of each rotation of the four-field grain-fallow crop rotation in the fourth field, on the control variants and against the background of N₄₀ in the soil layer of 0-20 cm is determined the number and dynamics of microorganisms of different physiological groups, their reaction to processing methods, fertilizers and weather conditions (laboratory of the Institute of Organic Fertilizers and Peat). Since 2018, the degree of soil settlement by phytopathogens and their dynamics has been taken into account. As research methods flotation and microscopy of soil samples are used (Samara-ARIS Soul Expertise Laboratory). The results of accounting for crop yields, related studies and observations indicate that in the Central forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals on medium-loamy chernozems the technology without tillage in terms of grain production is not inferior to traditional technology. In the North-Western zone, more humid, with heavily loamy soils, at the initial stage of this technology research (2014-2018), on the yield of spring wheat, the traditional technology has an advantage.