RESISTANCE OF SOILS TO DESTRUCTION BY WIND IN AGROFOREST LANDSCAPES AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE NO-TILL FARMING SYSTEM

Abstract

In the network of the forest shelterbelts in the steppe zone of the Lower Volga region, the seasonal dynamics of the structure in the upper (0-5 cm) soil layer was studied against the background of the No-till farming system. It has been established that the open surface of the southern carbonate chernozems is deflationary threat at any time of the year. Two peaks of dispersion were revealed: in the early spring and before harvesting of grain crops. In the first period, the content of particles with a diameter of less than 1 mm was 33-47%, in the second it was 60-61%. The field-protecting forest belts reduced the soil dispersion in the zone to 10-15 plantation heights (H) almost 2 times. Southern carbonate chernozems are genetically predisposed to blowing, so they need to be protected by a screen from plant debris. The No-till farming system has the advantage of allowing the entire stubble to be left on the surface of the field, especially when harvesting by plant combing. At the same time, about 4 tons/hectare of winter wheat stubble remains. By spring, its number is reduced by 2 times, and after the sowing spring crops only about 25% of the initial amount remains. Therefore, the No-till system will be most effective in combination with field-protecting forest shelterbelts.