RESEARCH AND EXPERIENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF DIRECT SEEDING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE FORMATION OF ECOLOGICAL BALANCED AGROLANDSCAPES

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies on the application of direct sowing technology in the conditions of the dry steppe zone of dark chestnut soils in the Volgograd region, and on the examples of 2 economic entities (Ust-Medveditskoye JSC and Shkarupelova S.V. Peasant farm) positive results are presented to improve soil fertility. Thus, the area of arable land with high and medium supply of soil with mobile phosphorus (Р₂О₅) from 466 hectares in 2008 increased to 6,040 hectares in 2018, or from 4,8 to 63% of the total arable land, and the provision with potassium (K₂O) increased to 98%, in the first farm in the dark chestnut zone and in the second farm, in the chernozem soil zone, the increase in humus in the first 5 years was 0,04%, and over 13 years, 0,49%. At the same time, the area with a high degree of humus increased to 50,4% of the arable land, and with low degree fell from 63% in 2003 to 17,5% in 2018. Also, the supply of soils with mobile phosphorus has grown significantly: the average from 52,0 to 69,4%, the high from 15,0 to 24,2%, and the low fell from 33 to 6,4%.

Along with generalizing the experience of using the new technology in various soil and climatic conditions, the impact of various agricultural technologies on the formation of ecologically balanced agricultural landscapes was evaluated according to a system of criteria.

As a result of research, it was established that the agrolandscape formed under the influence of direct sowing technology, according to a number of environmental indices (return of nutrients, preservation of water-physical properties of the soil, accumulation of organic matter, counteraction to the manifestations of water and wind erosion) has significant advantages, but is inferior to other technologies for the reproduction of products per unit area.