TILLAGE MINIMIZATION IN ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPE AGRICULTURE OF THE SOUTHERN TRANS-URALS

Abstract

A comparative indices analysis of leached chernozem fertility, grain cropping capacity and productivity of field crop rotations at the moldboard, combined, minimum and zero tillage systems in the Southern Trans-Urals is considered in this article. The maximum available soil moisture indicator corresponds to zero tillage system with preservation of the stubble and the mulching layer from straw cutting. The density of soil composition in the 0-30 cm layer was in the optimal range for the growth and development of grain crops. The zero tillage system is inferior to the action of the moldboard and combined systems under the conditions of the nitrogen regime of plants nutrition in the field crop rotation, due to a decrease in the rate of mineralization of the soil organic matter. The limiting and regulating factor in controlling weed infestation while minimizing tillage is the use of a multipurpose mixture of herbicides, including the destruction of weeds with glyphosates before sowing crops. It has been revealed that the most productive is a four-course grain-fallow crop rotation. In terms of profitability, the most effective turned out to be the minimum tillage system, which is interconnected with lower production costs per 1 hectarе of sowing. Systems to minimize tillage in various field crop rotations, ensure the production of high-quality wheat grains corresponding to the 3rd class of State All-Union Standard and higher, while ensuring balanced nutrition due to nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers.