STATE OF RESEARCH ON MINIMIZATION OF TILLAGE AND DIRECT SOWING

Abstract

Currently, a catastrophic situation with soil fertility has developed in many regions of the country, which negatively affects the yield of cultivated crops. One of the main reasons for this is the widespread mechanical (most often moldboard) tillage, which causes the manifestation of wind and water erosion. In world agriculture, the most effective way to deal with these phenomena minimization, or complete rejection of tillage (No-till technology, direct sowing technology) was recognized with the remains of previous plants remaining on the surface. In our country, the technology of cultivating agricultural crops without tillage began to be studied in individual institutes, in which rather interesting information was obtained, but it is clearly not enough for deep and scientifically sound conclusions and recommendations for production. At the same time, in many scientific institutions, the technology of direct sowing is considered as a method of tillage, and when it is studied against the background of various methods of cultivating, the experimental plot is not cultivated and is called "zero cultivation". At the same time, herbicides of continuous action are not treated and on "zero cultivation" everything becomes overgrown with weeds.

The technology of direct seeding is not studied, and recommendations for its effective development are not published. Therefore, the introduction of this technology into production takes place spontaneously, which leads to the grossest mistakes in its development, yield reduction and enormous material, technical and financial losses. To solve this complex and many-sided task, it is necessary to conduct studies to minimize tillage using direct sowing in different regions of the country according to a unified methodology and techniques with a comprehensive analysis and systematization of the data, preparation and writing of scientific and practical recommendations. To do this, we need a Comprehensive research program with its state support and coordination of research by one of the research centres that would be responsible for the development and implementation of the Program.