INFLUENCE OF BIOPREPARATIONS ON THE PREVALENCE OF PATHOGENS IN WINTER WHEAT CROPS

Abstract

Food security is aimed at producing environmentally friendly products, which is directly related to replacing existing chemical pesticides with biological ones in crop production. Chemical crop protection products effectively combat pathogens, but they also cause resistance in phytophages and phytopathogens, leading to an undesirable increase in their application rates. However, the main problem is the accumulation of pesticide residue in plant products, which negatively impacts human health. Modern microbial-based products help increase plant resistance to harmful pathogens, doing it safely and, ultimately, economically viable. Field experiments, which were conducted between 2020 and 2023, provided a comprehensive assessment of the impact of biological preparations and micronutrient fertilizers on the grain quality of winter wheat. The studies were conducted in the unstable moisture zone of the Stavropol Territory on the experimental plots of the Stavropol State Agrarian University (soil – leached chernozem). The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of separate and combined application of biological products and micronutrient fertilizers, as well as optimize their application timing to improve grain quality. The experimental design was two-factor (factor A: types of used products; factor B: timing and methods of application). The experimental design included ten combinations. The experiment was two-factor, with triple analysis. The combined use of biopreparations and micronutrient fertilizers according to the scheme “Background + OS + OR1 + OR2” ensures a reduction in the prevalence of Septoria disease by 9.5-16.0%, the development of Septoria disease by 5.2-6.0%, an increase in yield by 22.9% and the mass fraction of crude protein by 11.4%. The conducted studies confirmed the effectiveness of the use of biopreparations and micronutrient fertilizers in increasing the resistance of winter wheat to the action of the pathogen of the genus Septoria and productivity increase.