ASSESSMENT OF THE ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF THE LATEST HYBRIDS OF“SOYUZSEMSVEKLA” COMPANY INTENDED FOR CULTIVATION IN THE SOUTHERN SUGAR BEET GROWING ZONE OF RUSSIA

Abstract

The relevance of research in the field of sugar beet breeding and seed production is determined by the strategic objective of overcoming import dependence. Currently, no more than 2.0% of the area is sown with domestic seeds, which creates significant risks for food security and economic stability of the Russian sugar beet complex. The aim of this study was a comprehensive assessment of the adaptive potential of the latest domestically bred sugar beet hybrids prepared for registration by “SoyuzSemSvekla” company, for their subsequent commercialization in the conditions of Southern Russia. Field research was conducted at the Gulkevichi branch of “SoyuzSemSvekla” company, located in the eastern sugar beet growing zone of the North Caucasus region. Surveys and observations were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. During the years of the study, which were characterized by sufficient moisture, the studied domestic hybrids demonstrated productivity, comparable to the best foreign analogues. Moreover, under stressful conditions such as high temperatures and moisture deficit, “SoyuzSemSvekla” company hybrids significantly outperformed imported samples, demonstrating their increased ecological flexibility and ensuring stable yields and economic parameters. It was established that sugar accumulation in root crops was largely determined by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, the combined influence of which amounted to 53.8%. The contribution of genetic factors was estimated at 21.1%, and environmental factors at 24.7%. The research results confirm that in the unstable moisture zone of the North Caucasus, foreign-bred hybrids retain an advantage in yield and sugar yield only in years with favorable moisture conditions, while domestic hybrids demonstrate more stable performance across a wide range of weather conditions.