SOWING TIME OF WINTER WHEAT IN NO-TILL TECHNOLOGY DEPENDING ON THE PREDECESSORS

Abstract

In order to obtain high yields of winter wheat, it is necessary to follow scientifically sound recommendations for cultivation. The sowing time is one of the most important elements of the technology. It significantly affects the autumn development of winter wheat. The sowing time may differ from the previously recommended ones if there is a change in certain parameters that affect plant growth and development, such as weather conditions, predecessors, soil quality, etc. When winter wheat is cultivated in the No-till system, soil properties change, which can affect the shift in sowing time. The article presents studies of the sowing time of winter wheat in the No-till technology for two predecessors, which were conducted in 2018 – 2021. The experiment was conducted in the zone of unstable moisture of the Stavropol Territory. It was found that moisture availability is better at later sowing time, however, due to insufficient temperatures, plants are less developed and before winter at late dates, the tillering coefficient is 1,4–1,6 for peas and 1,5–1,6 for sunflowers, and in the variants of September 15–20 and 25–30, the tillering coefficient was 3,2–2,3 after the pea predecessor and 2,5–2,0 after the sunflower predecessor. In spring, at late sowing time, winter wheat tillers further, grows rapidly, and by the time of heading/flowering, the largest biomass of the aerial part is formed in the variant of October 5–10 – 2,438 g/m² after the pea predecessor and 2.078 g/m² after the sunflower predecessor. High yields were obtained on October 5–10 and 15–20 – 3,70 and 4,39 t/ha, respectively, after the pea predecessor and 2,84 and 3,31 t/ha after the sunflower predecessor. When sowing in early autumn, the yield after pea decreases by 15,7–20,3%, after sunflower – by 14,2–21,2%, at a later sowing time after pea – by 14,8% and after sunflower – by 14,5%.