МЯСНАЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО МЯСА КОЗЛИКОВ РАЗНЫХ ГЕНОТИПОВ

Abstract

In the Russian Federation, goat meat farming is an innovative and promising area of animal husbandry. The lack of specialized goat meat breeds makes it relevant to develop and implement targeted breeding programs. As part of a scientific experiment in Agro-Boier LLC of the Astrakhan Region in 2023-2024, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of meat productivity in crossbred goatlings, which were obtained from crossing local dairy goats with purebred Boer sires, as well as goatlings, which were obtained from local dairy sires, were studied. The aim of the study was to evaluate the meat productivity, chemical composition and histostructure of muscle tissue of goatlings of different genotypes at the age of 5 months. Two groups of local dairy goats were formed to conduct the experiment. The goatlings of the experimental group were obtained by insemination of goats with the sperm of purebred Boer sires (LD x B), and the goatlings of the control group were obtained by insemination of goats with the sperm of local sires (LD x LD). From 4 to 5 months of age, the goatlings were on an enhanced feeding regime. After the completion of fattening at 5 months, the control slaughter of goatlings was carried out. The carcasses of the goatlings of the experimental group (LD x B), in comparison to the control group (LD x LD), had higher parameters: flesh content – by 34% (p ≤ 0.001), yield of first-grade joints – by 2,6 abs. % (p ≤ 0.05), fleshing index – by 0,5 abs. %. The muscle tissue of the goatlings from the experimental group contained 1,17 abs. % less moisture, the number of muscle fibers per unit area exceeded the control group by 4,7% (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, these animals showed an increase in fat deposits between the fibers and muscle bundles. This contributed to their meat receiving the highest score for the “marbling” criterion, surpassing the control samples by 1,86 points.