FORMATION OF THE YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT IN SEMIFALLOW LAND IN DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF MOISTENING AND NUTRITION

Abstract

The problem of adaptive placement of winter wheat crops on sloping lands and increasing the yield and quality of grain is relevant. The experiment was carried out in 2023 – 2024 on the testing area “Agricultural landscape” in the zone of unstable moistening of the Stavropol Territory. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of different doses and types of fertilizers on the formation of yield and grain quality of winter wheat in various taxa of the landscape. 2023 was favorable, and 2024 was dry. Moisture reserves in the meter-long soil layer in the autumn of 2022 by taxa amounted to 80–120 mm, and in 2023 –  59–95 mm. During the cold period, moisture accumulated on the flat interfluve in the amount of 48–41 mm, and on different parts of the slope – 18–34 and 28,0 – 30 mm. The increase in moisture by spring was 33 mm with maximum accumulation in the upper part of the slope. By the harvest in 2024, the moisture was 4.4 times less than in 2023. It was most efficiently used on the slope. It was consumed 10–43,5% from the soil, and 56,5 – 90% from precipitation. On average, for 2 years, the maximum yield of winter wheat was obtained in the upper part of the slope (56,8 kg/ha). The yield in 2024, in comparison with 2023, decreased by 17,2 c/ha, the number of productive stems for harvesting – by 79,3 pcs/m², grains per ear – by 3,3 pcs, thousand-kernel weight – by 2,7 g and the grain yield per ear – by 0,22 g. The gluten content in the grain was significantly influenced by an increased dose of fertilizers (90 and 120 kg of active agent/ha) and the location of the landscape. The effect of mineral fertilizers on this parameter of grain quality was on average by 1,7% more effective than organic fertilizers.