INFLUENCE OF COMPOSTS BASED ON THE SOLID FRACTION OF CATTLE MANURE ON THE PROPERTIES OF CHERNOZEM AND THE PRODUCTIVITY OF FIELD PEA

Abstract

The article presents the results of a laboratory experiment to determine the effectiveness of composts, which are based on the solid fraction of cattle manure, on the “soil-plant” system. The studies were conducted with the solid fraction of cattle manure (SFM) obtained on the screw press separator ST-1200. As an additional substrate, humus was added to the solid fraction of manure, which was a black earthy mass with content of initial fresh manure of less than 25%. It was shown that the application of organic fertilizers to leached chernozem at a rate of 40 t/ha contributed to a decrease in soil bulk density by 0,03–0,09 g/cm³ and an increase in the content of agronomically valuable aggregate fractions by 8–14%, in comparison to the control. The maximum decompacting and structure-forming effects were obtained when composted solid fraction of manure was added to the soil (0,62 g/cm³ and 88%, respectively). The application of solid fraction of manure and mixtures with humus to the soil determined an increase in carbon concentration by 0,3–0,5% and nitrogen by 0,03–0,04%, which affected its provision with available nutrients. An increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen by 4–8 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus by 56–162 mg/kg and exchangeable potassium by 123–231 mg/kg was noted, in comparison to the control. The maximum productivity of field pea in the experiment was established with joint composting of humus with the solid fraction of manure in the ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 (19 g/vessel). The level of crop productivity was confirmed by multiple correlation dependence with agrophysical and agrochemical parameters of leached chernozem (R = 0,86).