QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MILK – RAW MATERIAL OF DOMESTIC CATTLE BREEDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48612/FARC/2687-1254/011.1.17.2024Keywords:
genepool farms, breeding farms, Black Pied breed, Kholmogorskaya breed, Yaroslavl breed, Kostroma breed, raw milk, processing characteristics, Mechnikovskaya curdled milk, butter, brynza cheese.Abstract
Currently, the conservation of genetic resources of productive animals is
one of the most important issues. Recently, there has been a strong decline in the number of
livestock, especially purebreds. Such domestic breeds of cattle as Red Steppe, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, local Yakut cattle, etc. are on the verge of extinction. The Russian Federation has always been a country with a unique genetic resource of farm animals, which have been used to
create new breeds. In order to ensure the quality of food products, in particular dairy products,
it is necessary to strictly control the production of milk as a raw material for processing. Scientific and production experiment was carried out in the Departments of Dairy and Beef Cattle Breeding and Technology of Storage and Processing of Animal Products in “Russian State
Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy”. Raw milk from Black
Pied, Kholmogorskaya, Yaroslavl and Kostroma breeds of cows came from farms of the Yaroslavl and Ivanovo regions. According to statistics, 83% of Russian regions breed Holstein
cattle. The breeding of Black Pied breed accounts for 63% of all Russian regions, which are
involved in cattle breeding. As a result of the research, the consumption of raw milk for the
production of 1 kg of butter was significantly lower in cows of the Yaroslavl breed by 22,3%,
and in cows of the Kholmogorskaya breed by 15,7%, in comparison with their Black Pied
herdmates. The quality of milk from cows of the Kostroma breed significantly exceeds the
parameters of milk from cows of the Black Pied breed and is characterized by higher mass
fractions of protein, fat and minerals. The analysis of the milk yield of animals and an assessment of the physicochemical and technological properties of raw milk indicate that animals of domestic genepool breeds have high levels of milk productivity, which makes their
milk a valuable raw material for the production of high-quality, safe and functional dairy
products.
