MINIMIZATION OF THE MAIN TILLAGE AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION

Abstract

The system of tillage in the crop rotation should be differentiated at different depths and be constructed with regard to soil and relief conditions and the biological features of  the crops, including moldboard techniques for tilled and grain-leguminous crops, without moldboard and surface methods for spring cereals, winter and annual grasses. The implementation of minimization techniques during the main tillage in field crop rotations of the southeast  of the CBER should be effectively carried out for winter crops, sunflowers, annual grasses, spring crops.

The most effective is the minimization of tillage, right up to direct sowing for winter wheat by grain-leguminous predecessors and for sunflower. At the same time, optimization of water-physical and agrochemical regimes of сhernozem soils and high returns from the intensification means used are achieved.

Despite the absence of costs for tillage in direct sowing, the double application of the herbicide with continuous action to reduce the weedness of crops in the autumn after harvesting the predecessor and in the spring after harvesting the corn, as well as a significant reduction in corn yield to 1,94 tons/hectare and up to 2,19 tons/hectare in the application of fertilizers leads to a decrease in the energy efficiency of growing corn with zero tillage. The consumption  of man-made energy per hectare of sowing is reduced by 37,1% with a decrease in energy output from a corn crop by 66,4%, against the background with the use of  fertilizers by 29,3 and 64,7%, respectively, compared with the control, plowing to a depth of 20-22 cm. In this regard, with zero treatment, there was also the lowest energy efficiency coefficient (4,03), with the use of fertilizers – 3,12.