SPECIAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY IN SORGHUM SELECTIVE BREEDING

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to study the morphobiological differences
and structural features of the generative organs of sterile forms and fertility restorers, as well
as to clarify the methods and selection scheme for maternal linear material of sorghum with
the use of cytoplasmic male sterility. The study of sterile sorghum lines was carried out using
field and laboratory experiments in 2021-2023 according to the approved program and research method on the experimental field and laboratory facilities of “North Caucasus Federal
Agricultural Research Centre” in Mikhailovsk, Stavropol Territory. Plant-breeding, hybrid
nurseries of sterile lines include specimens, which by reaction to cytoplasmic male sterility
(CMS), are considered as sterility maintenance lines. The object of the study was 8 sterile and
8 fertile sterility maintenance sorghum lines. Average maximum grain yield for 2021-2023
was determined in the lines Kniazhna (3.7 t/ha), Zersta 90s (3.4 t/ha), A 63 (3.3 t/ha) and A
3615 (3.12 t/ha). The highest values of sugar content in the juice of the stems were obtained
from Korichnevozernoe S (15.4%), Stavropolskoe 63 (15.7%), V 3622 (15.2%), V 1012
(14.9%), Zersta 90 (14 .2%), Zersta 38V (14.1%). Sterility maintenance lines have higher
sugar content in the juice of the stems than in sterile forms (0.6–3.3%). The lines Zersta 38A,
A 3615, A 3622, Zersta 90s, L 325, Zersta 97, K 8921, K 8923, L 662 are donors for early
ripening. Sterile line A 3622 is a donor for increasing the yield and height of hybrid plants.
An increase in grain yield and herbage is also provided by the lines Zersta 38A, Zersta 90s, A
3615, A 3529, Korichnevozernoe S, L 596, K 3721.