VARIABILITY OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS OF FLAX IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK OF THE SARATOV REGION

Abstract

The yield potential of oil flax may be inferior to other oil crops in humid regions. However, its cultivation is undoubtedly justified on the northern borders of agricultural
production and in regions of deficient humidity with hydrothermal index 0,3–0,7. The object
of research was 39 oil flax lines of different ecological and geographical origin, which were
obtained by selective breeding from the collection of the All-Russian Research Institute of
Plant Industry. During the growing season, the hydrothermal index amounted to: 2019 – 0,6,
2020 – 0,5, 2021 – 1,0, 2022 – 0,6, 2023 – 0,7. It was discovered that there were strong differences between the samples in a number of characteristics (lodging – 80.1%, number of
primary stems – 21,5%, number of bolls – 22,1%, number of seeds per plant – 20.2%, productivity of one plant – 23,4%, fiber – 20,3%), as well as strong correlations between seed yield
and productivity of one plant (r = 0.89**), the duration of the stages from germination to
flowering and from germination to ripening (r = 0,86**), length of the stem and height of the
lower boll (r = 0,86**), number of seeds and bolls on the plant (r = 0,96**), number of bolls
on the plant and productivity of one plant ( r = 0,80**), plant productivity and the number of
seeds per plant (r = 0,83**), fat and NFE content in seeds (r = -0,82**). Using two-way
ANOVA, it was established that the main influence on the manifestation of interstage periods
and morphological parameters in the studied flax sample was by the characteristics of growing conditions and the interaction of genotype and environment factors. The least dependent
on growing conditions parameter was the seed size, in the manifestation of which the genotype factor made the main contribution (57,2%). The role of the genotype in the manifestation
of other traits varied from 9,7% to 19,6%.