EFFECTIVENESS OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION METHODS IN YIELD FORMATION AND IMPROVING DISEASE RESISTANCE OF COMMON BEAN

Abstract

The introduction into production of new highly productive varieties, which
are adapted to specific soil and climatic conditions, should be accompanied by the improvement of agrotechnical methods that contribute to yield enhancement. The study of the effect
of various fertilizers and methods of their application on the crop yield of Marquise beans was
conducted in the conditions of the Orel Region. As a result of the research, obtained data
made it possible to determine the contribution of the use of various methods of fertilization in
the yield formation and disease resistance of the new variety Marquise of common bean under
various weather conditions. As variations, we considered presowing application of
N75P50K62 to the expected crop of 3 tonnes and foliar application in the stage of 2-3 leaves
with organomineral fertilizers Ultramag Combi 1 L/ha + Biostim Grain +1 L/ha + Ultramag
Molybdenum 0,5 L/ha; in bud and flowering stages, fertilizers Ultramag Combi 1 L/ha + Biostim Grain +1 L/ha were used. It was found out that the application of basic fertilizer was
more effective for the formation of bean yield (increase of 31,3%) than foliar fertilizing (increase of 10,7%). The application of N75P50K62 contributed to a significant reduction in the
prevalence and degree of development of bacterial diseases of beans and Fusarium root rot.
The effectiveness of N75P50K62 was 71,4% and 21,2% in the bud and grain filling stages in
the case of bacteriosis; 68,8% and 52,2% in the case of root rot. Foliar application of organomineral fertilizers contributed to reducing the development of diseases in a less degree:
9,5% and 9,9%; 19,2 and 23,7%, respectively. Thus, the rational use of fertilizers makes it
possible to fully implement the potential productivity of the common bean of Marquise variety, improving its resistance to diseases.