GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY OF NEW SOFT WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES OF THE SELECTIVE BREEDING OF “NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE

Abstract

The purpose of the research was to identify promising genotypes of new varieties of soft winter wheat of the nursery of competitive variety trial, which were characterized by high and stable yield and product quality in conditions of instable humidity of the
Stavropol Territory. The work was carried out in 2020-2022 on the experimental field of the
“North Caucasus FARC”, which was located in the zone of instable humidity of the Stavropol
Territory on complete fallow ordinary medium loamy moderately deep slightly humic chernozem. The climate of the zone is moderately continental, summers are hot and dry, winters
are moderately mild. The annual sum of effective temperatures according to long-term data
(1981-2010) is 3177,2 ⁰C, the average annual precipitation is 559,6 mm, hydrothermal coefficient is 1,06. We studied 12 varieties of soft winter wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) of the selection of “North Caucasus FARC”, which were in competitive variety trial. Over the years of
the research, on average by varieties, grain yield standards were significantly inferior: Grom
by 0,1–11,9%, Bezostaia 100 by 14,8–24%. The highest yield was obtained in varieties
21733, 21521, 22791. The coefficient of variation (CV) of grain yield over the years was noted in varieties 21521, 21733, 22103 and 22791 (13.7–19,9%). The remaining varieties, including standards, showed greater responsiveness to improving growing conditions
(CV˃20%), which characterized them as intensive genotypes. The forms with high grain quality characteristics were identified: 21728, 21663 and 21503. According to a set of quality
characteristics, varieties were identified: 21521, 21663, 21728, 22791, which had a high yield
of good quality in unstable cultivation conditions, which indicated their adaptive capacity.