PATHOGEN RECOGNITION IN THE BODY OF CATTLE WHEN ACTIVATING THE INNATE IMMUNITY

Abstract

The paper considers some recent scientific achievements of groups of scientists, who are involved in determining the molecular structure and biological properties of the
NLR, TLR and RLR families of innate immunity PRR receptors. The examples of new scientific studies of molecular complexes on cultures of native MyD88 lymphocytes associated
with IRAK4 receptors and the formation of oligomeric structures are mentioned. A hypothesis
of TLR activation through protein tertiary structures of terminal domains, which are rich in
leucine and interact with immunomodulators and components of viral pathogens, is presented.
The studies of the terminal signal domains of TLR receptor molecules in relation to model
bacterial pathogens are shown with the identifying of key patterns, when extracting messengers, types of signals through IRAK molecular complexes and other bonds. It has been noted
that fungal pathogens affect TLR and causes signaling cascades through the NOD and MARK
systems, as well as ITAM tyrosine motifs. It is mentioned that helicase activity is modulated
through interferon-mediated signaling systems from PRR receptors, typically with regard to
the immune response to viral pathogens. In the case of allergies and antigens exposure, a
switch in the immune response from Th2 to Th1 lymphocytes can occur, generating an artificial suppression of the immune response of the body. It is believed that immunogenetics,
based on recent achievements in the field of genomics, will formulate a new scientific direction. At present, studies of innate immunity receptors on the genome of humans, cattle, and 
animal models, mainly laboratory mice, have been carried out. It has been demonstrated that
the study of receptors is based on the research of their variability by molecular genetic methods on a limited number of cattle, as well as the prognosis of their biological function on animal models has been carried out. A number of scientific studies in the world practice have
been carried out by the bioinformatic methods and using data from biological databases on the
structure, function of genes and their relationship in the signaling network of immune cells.