ELEMENTS OF ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract

The aim of the research is to generalize the model of energy-saving technologies based on the specification of the soil agro physical properties parameters under the influence of technology elements: methods of harvesting precursors, the degree of soil coverage with crop residues and tillage without layer rotation, selection of crops grown, new varietal composition with minimal harvesting moisture. The main criterion for plant growth and development in the steppe zone are the agro physical properties of the soil. With No-till technology, the whole leafy-stem mass of plants remains on the soil surface and forms a layer of mulch, which reduces the effect of drought, prevents the formation of soil crust, reduces dehumification of the soil, levels its temperature, helps to maintain soil moisture, enriches the soil with organic matter and is also food for beneficial entomofauna. Mandatory is the grinding of crop residues and their uniform distribution over the field surface. The selection of cultivated crops should be carried out taking into account the biology and the ripeness group of the variety, market and purpose of cultivation. Wide-coverage machine and tractor units provide lower unit costs, so it is important to consider the size of the field and its preparation. It is advisable to use sowing complexes, in which seeds and fertilizers fall at a distance from each other. Chemical plant protection products reduce the number of vehicles and people. Knowledge of the weeds biology and periods of their active growth, the choice of the right drug, control over the equipment operation, and the use of the Glonas system are of primary importance. Technological operations in the dynamics of tillage during the development of energy-saving technologies pass through a number of stages: tillage on the basis of plowing, the use of chisels or subsurface cultivators, minimal and zero tillage. New varieties and hybrids due to greater productivity and profitable sales bring up to 20% of additional profit. It is important to respect the elements of varietal agricultural technology.