DNA GENOTYPING BY CAPN1, GH, LEP GENES OF HERD REPLACEMENTS OF BEEF CATTLE

Abstract

The problem of preserving breed diversity and controlling the management
of genetic resources of farm animals is especially relevant for the entire world community,
including Russia. The rapid decline in the biodiversity of farm animals in our country creates
the threat of a decrease in domestic breeds, depending on import, as well as the danger of the
spread of infectious and genetic diseases.The development and improvement of methodologies, which allow assessing the features of the gene pool of domestic as well as local breeds,
identifying genes involved in many traits, including those, which are adapted to infectious
diseases, genetic anomalies, revealing genotypes that meet the requirements for the formation
of databases of phenotypic variation of farm animals on significant breeding traits for associative research, have both fundamental and applicational significance. The abovementioned determined the purpose of the research – to study the breed features of gene polymorphism: calpain – CAPN1, growth hormone – GH, leptin – LEP in samples of herd replacements of beef
cattle, which were bred in breeding farms of the Stavropol Territory. The research was carried
out in the licensed laboratory of Immunogenetics and DNA technologies, Department of Genetics in All-Russian Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Breeding – branch of the FSBSI
“North Caucasus FARC” with the method of PCR– RFLP (for GH, LEP genes) and real-time
PCR (CAPN1 gene), using standard reagent kits, according to the methodological recommendations. Polymorphism of meat productivity genes was studied in herd replacements of beef
cattle of different breeds: Hereford (n = 99), Kazakh Whiteheaded (n = 93), Kalmyk (n = 46).
CAPN1 – calpain, GH – growth hormone, LEP – leptin. The obtained data indicated a peculiar frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes in different breeds.