INFLUENCE OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ON NITROGEN ACCUMULATION OF WINTER WHEAT

Abstract

The loss of soil fertility as a result of the long-term intensification of agricultural production, the increase in the cost of agrochemicals requires a scientifically based
transition to resource-saving cultivation technologies. The research was carried out in 2020-
2022 in the zone of unstable moistening of the Stavropol Territory on ordinary black soil. The
purpose of the research was to study the peculiarities of nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat,
which was cultivated using no-till farming technique. Victoria Odessa variety of soft winter
wheat was studied in a two-factor field experiment. The first factor was the cultivation technology (no-till farming and traditional), the second factor was the background of mineral nutrition (unfertilized, fertilized and fertilization with the use of cover crop). The growth and
development rates of winter wheat were studied according to the generally accepted methodology, the nitrogen content in plants was studied according to the method of V.T. Kurkaev
and his colleagues, the nitrate reductase activity in leaves was studied according to the method of B.I. Tokarev. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the cultivation of
winter wheat using no-till farming affects the process of nitrogen accumulation of plants, increasing the intensity of its absorption during the reproductive period of development. In addition, it was shown that the activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme in flag leaves at the beginning of the X stage of organogenesis on variants with no-till farming increased significantly to 2,61-4,15 mmol/g·h. The use of cover crop in crop rotation contributes to a more intensive accumulation of nitrogen in plants and an increase in yield – by an average of 2,7% compared to the option of applying only fertilizers, while the quality of grain is also significantly
improved – the content of crude gluten increased by 1,4%.