Phytosanitary condition of field crops, which are grown according to no-till technique

Abstract

Phytosanitary monitoring was carried out under the conditions of experimental field on small plots in four-field crop rotation and under production conditions on the farms of Stavropol Territory to define harmful objects among insects, weeds and pathogens on field crops during their cultivation in crop rotations without tillage. Accounting for the amount of pests, disease damage, weediness was carried out according to generally
accepted methods in plant protection.As a result of the observations, commonly found weeds, pests and diseases were identified. Among the weeds, Ambrosia artemisiifolia stood out. It is a quarantine weed, the density of which reaches 140 pcs/m2, which is 6 times higher than this
indicator in traditional technology. Damage by root rot and high toxicity of plant residues exclude repeated crops of winter wheat when using this technology. The toxicity of plant residues of winter wheat also inhibits winter rapeseed, which should not be sown after winter
wheat. For the first time, the harmfulness of the polyphagous cotton bollworm pest on winter
wheat was noted. In arid regions, cutworm caterpillars, which damage ripe grains, can reduce wheat productivity by 87%. This also applies to pea crops. The pest of winter wheat was cereal tortrix. It began to reproduce in the crops of corn and sunflower, destroying the seedlings of these crops and reducing the yield up to 30%. For the first time, mass reproduction of the field slug on corn and sunflower was noted. It was destroying the seedlings of these crops.