WAYS AND METHODS OF STUDYING DIRECT SEEDING OF SEEDS INTO UNCULTIVATED SOIL

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to study the ways and methods of direct seeding of
seeds in uncultivated soil, systematize them and determine methodological approaches to their
study. The first way of direct seeding is “zero tillage”, when seeds are sown in uncultivated
soil with available seeding-machines according to the cultivation technology of a particular
crop, which is recommended by scientific institutions. In this case, the studied factor is the
method of tillage, and it is compared with other methods of cultivation – moldboard, nonmoldboard, etc. The second way is the “direct seeding technology”, where the studied factor
is the technology of crop cultivating (several or all crops of crop rotation), in which the soil is
not cultivated and seed sowing is carried out by seeding-machines with anchor tillage tools or
special seeders, which are equipped with turbo discs (coulters), which cut a narrow seeding slot in the soil, into which seeds and fertilizers are buried with disc coulters. If the direct seeding technology is used on all crops of crop rotation at the same place for four or more years in
a row, then this is the third way – “direct seeding system” (“systematic direct seeding”, “Notill farming”). It is possible to obtain objective information in direct seeding system only in
long-term stationary field experiments. For this purpose, it is necessary to lay a “basic” crop
rotation of four fields (legume crops – bluegrass – platyphyllous of another family – bluegrass), in which all crops are cultivated using direct seeding technology and, starting from the
fourth year, to study the technological methods of their cultivation in direct seeding system.