ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ, ИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНОФОНДА АРИДНЫХ КУЛЬТУР

Abstract

In connection with global climate changes and an increase in anthropogenic factors,
which lead to negative consequences in the desert zone, the issues of the formation, study and
use of the gene pool of forage plants for arid lands in Kazakhstan are of particular importance
now.
A gene pool of crops for arid lands of local flora and flora of other regions, including
more than 695 samples from 45 species was created in “Southwest Research Institute of Livestock and Crop Production” LLP and its branch Aral Sea Experimental Plant Genetic Resource Station by N.I. Vavilov. Under the collection study, it was found that many specimens
of northwestern and mountainous origin in the lowland desert of southern Kazakhstan
dropped out of the plant stand earlier and were characterized by poor fruiting. However, this
phenomenon does not mean that their further introduction is impossibile. Testing of thesesamples in the foothill zone showed that their state was dramatically improved and regular fruiting was noted.
As a result of many years of research, promising species of various life forms from the
Chenopodium, Leguminosae, Compositae, Buckwheat, Cruciferae families, which were
adapted to certain conditions of the southwestern region were identified. What is more, 20
varieties were developed and recognized on their basis in the desert zone of southern
Kazakhstan. They can be used to create various plant associations for uninterrupted supply of
green forage during grazing period.