THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF WATER SOLUBLE FERTILIZERS FOR PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE STAVROPOL TERRITORY

Abstract

The article introduces the study of the effectiveness of the use of water soluble fertilizers for pre-sowing seed treatment of winter wheat in the conditions of the Stavropol Territory.
The main method of increasing the yield and quality of agricultural crops is the use of fertilizers. The undoubted advantage of water soluble fertilizers is a faster plant uptake of nutrients,
reducing the negative impact on plants of external stress factors, such as meteorological conditions and pesticide treatments. The studies showed that water soluble fertilizers were most
effective in the early stages of plant development. They contribute to the formation of a
healthy and well-developed root system and leaf apparatus, as well as they have a positive
impact on improving the sowing qualities of seeds, the development of above ground biomass, obtaining even seedlings, and therefore on the yield of winter wheat. During the process
of the work, the influence of water soluble complex fertilizer seed treatment on the main indicators of plant growth and development was determined. In the conditions of dry 2019-2020
years, pre-sowing seed treatment with water soluble NPK fertilizer of 13-40-13 trademark at a
dose of 1 kg per ton of seeds (yield – 7.37 t/ha, increase – 0.40 t/ha) had a significant impact
on the grain yield of winter wheat on ordinary chernozem. The use of water soluble fertilizers
contributed to an increase in the number of grains in the head of wheat by 0.8 – 3.5 pcs (2.1-
9.3%), the thousand-kernels weight – by 1.1-1.8 g (2.6-4.3%), the content of crude gluten in
the grain – by 1.3-2.3%, protein – by 0.1-0.9%. As a result of the increase in the yield and
quality of winter wheat grain, the treatment of seeds with MAP and NRK fertilizers of 13-40-
13 trademark with a slight increase in costs (by 21-57 rubles/ha) increased the level of profitability of production by 24-33% due to a significant increase in profit from 1 hectare of sowing (by 8739-12078 rubles).