INFLUENCE OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF SIMMENTAL BULL CALVES REARING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNAL ORGANS AND COMMERCIAL QUALITIES OF THE SKIN

Abstract

The aim of the work was to establish the peculiarities of the development of internal organs and the commercial qualities of the skin of Simmental bull calves, depending on the rearing technology. The research was carried out in the agricultural production co-operative breeding farm “Zaria-1” of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic in 2022-2023. 30 bull calves of the Simmental breed at the age of 6 months were selected for the experiment. The animals were divided into two groups. The bull calves of group I (15 head) were “control”. They were kept for the entire period of rearing on the farm. The bull calves of the group II (15 head) were “experimental”. They were reared on the farm until the age of 10 months, and from 11 to 15 months – on mountain pastures, followed by fattening on the farm. The conducted studies showed differences in the absolute and relative mass of the internal organs of the experimental young animals. At 6 months, the bulls of the group II exceeded their herdmates of the group I in weight: stomach – 1,3 kg (P>0,95); liver – 0,38 kg (P>0,95); spleen – 0,06 kg. At 14 months of age, bull calves of group II had significantly higher stomach weight than bull calves of group I by 0,8 kg (P>0,95); liver weight by 0,40 kg (P>0,95). At 18 months, the superiority of the animals of group II over their herdmates of group I was 0,6 kg (P>0,95) in stomach weight; forestomachs – 1,4 kg (P>0,999); abomasum – 0,2 kg; intestines – 1,6 kg (P > 0,999); heart – 0,1 kg, kidneys – 0,58 kg (P>0,95). Our research showed that the quality of leather raw materials significantly depended on the rearing technology of Simmental bull calves. The skin of the bull calves of the group II was heavier, but at the same time it had a greater decrease (a decrease in the thickness of the skin from the rump to the neck and from the backbone to the belly) than the skin of the bull calves of the group I. The reliability can be traced in the weight of the fresh skin at 18 months – 5,6 kg (P>0,95), in the skin area – 35 dm² (P>0,99).