INFLUENCE OF ELEMENTS IN THE CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ON MOISTURE AVAILABILITY AND ACTIVITY OF ECOLOGICAL TROPHIC GROUPS IN COMMON CHERNOZEM MICROORGANISMS

Abstract

In modern agriculture, the increasing intervention of the person in natural processes is noted that leads to a change of natural functioning of ecosystems. We studied the influence of tillage methods, predecessors and fertilizers on humidity of the soil and microbiological activity of the common chernozem in the unstable moisture zone of the Stavropol Territory. On the variants with the traditional technology of tillage, moisture is less after pea as a predecessor. Reserves of productive moisture in 2018 were lower than very poor; in 2017 they were classified as poor. In the case of pea predecessor in the technology of No-till, the activity of proteolytic microorganisms is on average higher than in traditional technology. In more dry year, at introduction of ammonium nitrate, the activity in this group of microorganisms increases on the variants with treated soil. On the corn predecessor in the humidiаfied soil, the activity of aminoautotrophs is 33% higher in No-till technology. In a dry year, only on the variant with full introduction of mineral fertilizer, the activity of this microorganisms group exceeds traditional treatment by 12%. We observed the greatest abundance of ammonifiers on the corn predecessor (on average 424,8 x 10⁵ units in absolutely dry soil), after pea there are only 197,6 x 10⁵ units in absolutely dry soil. Aminoautotrophs, on the contrary, are more after pea: 425,7 x 10⁵ units in absolutely dry soil that is 2,5 times more than the number of colonies after corn. The highest value of mineralization coefficient was found on the control variant in soil with humidity of 19,45% in the technology without tillage for the corn predecessor (4,13). Slightly more slowly, these processes proceed at introduction of a full dose of fertilizer (from 0,63 to 1,70).