ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF CULTIVATING FIELD CROPS USING DIRECT SEEDING TECHNOLOGY IN THE EXTREMELY ARID ZONE OF THE STAVROPOL TERRITORY

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to assess the possibility and effectiveness of cultivating
crops without tillage in the extremely arid zone of the Stavropol Territory. The objects of
research were summer crops (peas, oilseed flax, sunflower), which were cultivated using
direct soning technology. After their harvesting, the soil was not cultivated and winter wheat
was sown. As a control in the technology of direct seeding, there was a bare chemical fallow,
in which no tillage was carried out and weeds were controlled using the chemical method.
The second control was bare early tallow, in which weeding was carry out by soil cultivating
according to the technology recommended by scientific institutions in the region. It h been
established that in abnormally arid conditions during the experiments, precipitation falling in
winter and during the growing season provides an economically significant yield of spring
crops with a profitability of pea production of 27,8%, oilseed flax of 37,9 and sunflower of
47,8%. The yield of winter wheat for these precursors was 23,4; 19,5 and 21,5
centner/hectare, respectively, and 28,0 and 28,5 centner/hectare were obtained for bare and
chemical fallow. In total, over 2 years, the most economically profitable was winter wheat
sowing after sunflower, where the highest profitability of production was obtained (61,4%); in
the zone of crop rotation, where the precursors of winter wheat were peas and oilseed flax, it
was 58,2 and 49,6%. The lowest profitability of winter wheat cultivation by bare and
chemical tallow was 47,7 and 48,4%. At the same time, the density of light-chestnut soil was
within the optimal values for plant growth and development.